Positive history of ischemic stroke, TIA symptoms or other neurological symptoms. Stenosis of Common Carotid, External Carotid or Vertebral ArteryĬoncomitant diseases: uncontrolled hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart insufficiency, positive history of heart infraction, positive history of stent implantation to coronary or any other arteries, cardiac arrhythmia, tachycardia, bradycardia, congenital vascular or heart failure, positive history of vascular interventions, presence of endocrine diseases: thyroid goiter, hyper-, hypothyroidism diabetes, adrenal diseases, positive history of thyroid surgery, smoking, alcohol use.
No hemodynamically significant carotid atherosclerotic lesions, causing blood flow disturbances (ICA stenosis 30% The reference flow volume data might be potentially used in the diagnosis and monitoring the patients with various cerebrovascular disorders. The objective of this study covered assessment of the blood flow volume in internal carotid, external carotid and vertebral arteries in healthy volunteers over 65 years old in order to assess the normal hemodynamic parameters in this age group. Limited data in the literature concerning the blood flow volume in carotid arteries are available, with only a few authors touching this problem, and research based on relatively small groups of patients. While the blood flow velocity criteria in healthy patients as well as in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis are well defined, there are no reference values concerning blood flow volume. The evaluation of total cerebral blood flow with ultrasound methods is featured with good accuracy, availability, and might be useful in monitoring various cerebrovascular disorders. The quantitative assessment of the total cerebral blood flow previously required nuclear medicine methods, which availability is limited due to high costs and required equipment. It is regarded that about 85% of all strokes are of an ischemic type, while 15%, even up to one fifth, are the result of hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic lesions of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery. One third of these patients die while about 5 million remain permanently disabled. Stroke is estimated to affect annually about 15 million people worldwide. In 2016, almost 18 million people died due to cardiovascular disorders, among them 85% because of myocardial infraction or stroke. Cardiovascular diseases are contemporarily considered one of the most serious health burdens, posing a first place among causes of death according to the WHO (Word Health Organization).
Peripheral artery disease is estimated to affect about 20% of population beyond 60 years old and more than 50% over 85 years and its prevalence is going to increase with the phenomenon of aging of the population. Doppler assessment of cerebral flow volume may create an interesting tool for identifying patients with diminished cerebrovascular reserve and higher risk of ischemic symptoms occurrence. Volumetric assessment of CBF may play an important additional role in diagnostics of patients with carotid stenosis. The decrease of peak systolic ( p = 0.002) and end diastolic ( p = < 0.00001) velocities in ICA and peak systolic velocity in ECA ( p = 0.0017) were observed. This is a consequence of flow volume decline in ICA ( p = 0.00001) and to lesser extent ECA ( p = 0.0011). Significant differences were observed between groups: 1 and 3.4, as well as 3 and 4 ( p = 0.0295, 75 years-14.3 mL/year ( p = 0.0074). Methods: Doppler volumetric measurements of internal carotid (ICA), external carotid (ECA) and vertebral arteries (VA) were performed in 123 healthy volunteers >65 years old and compared with 56 healthy volunteers 80 years: 685.7 ± 112.3 (mL/min). The aim of the study was related to volumetric flow assessment of extracranial arteries in a healthy population >65 years old. However, there are no volumetric standards for the flow in extracranial arteries. Background: Carotid flow velocity criteria are well established, with age being a factor influencing measurements.
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